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Trailing stop-loss orders

When you're opening a trade, why not consider using a trailing stop-loss? Find out what a trailing stop-loss is and why it might be more useful than a regular stop-loss order.

What is a trailing stop?

A trailing stop is a risk-management tool. Similar to standard stop-loss orders, trailing stop-loss orders follow the price when it moves in the desired direction rather than staying at a particular price level.

The stop-loss follows the trajectory of the market price as it increases in your favor, helping to lock in any potential profit while reducing risk by capping the potential downside.

The benefits of a trailing stop-loss

A stop-loss order is a type of order which helps manage risk by specifying a point at which your trade should be closed if the price moves against you. The key benefit of using a stop-loss is that it ensures your losses are limited. Stop-loss orders remain in effect until your position is liquidated or you choose to cancel the order.

A trailing stop, also known as a trailing stop-loss, is a sort of market order that places a stop-loss percentage rather than a fixed sum at a certain amount below the market price of an asset. The stop-loss then follows the stock's price as it fluctuates.

While keeping the transaction open until the instrument's price reaches your trailing stop level, trailing stops assist in locking in profits. You can specify a distance in points or percentage from the opening price for your trailing stop-loss order. The stop-loss order will be activated, and your transaction will be closed when the market price hits your trailing stop.

A trailing stop can also be advantageous over a regular stop-loss if the market price moves in your favor but then reverses, as your stop-loss will have followed the favourable price moves but will not move in the opposite direction.

Similar to a regular stop-loss, once the instrument’s price hits your trailing stop-loss level, your trade will be closed at the next available price, preventing you from holding on to a losing trade and being at risk of losing more money.

Example of a trailing stop-loss

Say you bought a stock at £10 per share and instead of implementing a traditional stop-loss order to sell once the price drops below £9, you set a trailing stop-loss order to 10% below market price.

In this case, if the price falls to £9, the stock is automatically sold as the price has dropped 10%. However, if the share price rises, the stop-loss rises with it, remaining 10% below the market price. So, if the share price rises to £15, your trailing stop-loss also rises to £13.50. This gives an unrealised gain of £5. If the share price dropped to £13.50 at this point, your trailing stop-loss would be triggered and a profit of £3.50 would be realised.

When to use a trailing stop-loss

When trading a very volatile currency pair with irregular price movements, like in forex trading, a trailing stop-loss may be helpful. However, it's crucial to keep in mind that higher levels of volatility could lead to your stop-loss being activated sooner.

This is why the placement of the trailing stop-loss is very important, and the historical performance of the stock and market conditions should be taken into consideration. It’s important to look at the market volatility over an extended period of time, as well as how it behaves on a daily basis. Placing the stop-loss too close to the market price may result in an early exit, whereas setting it too far away would mean risking more capital.

If you’re going long (placing a buy trade), then the trailing stop needs to be placed below the market price. If you’re going short (selling), then your trailing stop-loss will be placed above the market price.

You would need to create a guaranteed stop-loss order in order to exit a transaction at a certain price as opposed to the next open market price. This is a practical method to prevent slippage.

Trailing stop-loss strategy

Trailing stop-loss placement is usually specified by setting a price the desired distance away from the market price, in line with how much capital you’re willing to risk on the trade. The stop-loss will then remain this distance from the market price while the price moves in your favour. The stop-loss moves in line with favorable price moves automatically.

Some traders might decide to employ a standard stop-loss in a manner similar to a trailing stop by manually changing it anytime they notice a price movement in their favor.

Additionally, some traders may choose to use technical indicators to direct the placement of their trailing stops. To determine how much the instrument they wish to trade moves over a specific timeframe, for instance, they could utilize Average True Range (ATR). They can see from this how much price variation they can anticipate throughout the trading day. Any considerable unanticipated volatility, such as that brought on by breaking news, would not be considered, though.

The bottom line

To summarize, a trailing stop-loss is a free risk-management tool which can help maximize your profits when trading, as well as reduce the risk of making a significant loss. As the trailing stop only moves when the market price moves in your favour, it’s an effective way to increase unrealized gains, however small.

You can define an amount you're willing to risk on the transaction or set a price or percentage deviation from the market price when it comes to placement. A trailing stop-loss secures the upside and guards against the downside.

Source: CMC Markets UK

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