Oil is one of the most actively traded commodities across the world. It is a fundamental force driving the global economy.
Oil prices have historically been prone to dramatic rapid ups and downswings. The political crisis, weather, and economic conditions alter oil supply and demand. This results in volatility in oil prices which offers trading opportunities.
There are various ways of trading oil. They include oil futures contracts, cash contracts, oil-related stocks, or ETFs.
The ongoing Russia-Ukraine war has triggered massive volatility in oil prices on supply concerns. Meanwhile, oil demand has soared in the wake of easing travel restrictions.
Pioneer Natural Resources Co
ConocoPhillips
Baker Hughes Co
Schlumberger Ltd
Chevron Corp
Exxon Mobil Corp
Oil ETFs offer investors a direct way to gain exposure to the price swings in oil without buying or storing the commodity in physical terms. Moreover, one can avoid the complexities involved with investing in oil futures contracts with oil ETFs.
Most traded oil ETFs are
United States Oil Fund LP (USO)
SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (XOP)
United States Brent Oil Fund (BNO)
iPath Pure Beta Crude Oil ETN (OIL)
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (IEO)
Invesco DB Oil Fund (DBO)
The main purpose of a benchmark in the oil market is to serve as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. Oil benchmarks are often quoted in the news as the price of oil:
Brent Crude: Brent is the most widely referred oil benchmark globally with two-thirds of oil contracts using it as a benchmark. OPEC, the organization of 13 most powerful oil exporting nations, utilize Brent as their pricing benchmark.
A sulphur content lesser than 0.5% is considered sweet. Brent crude oil has a sulphur content of 0.37%. The lower the sulphur content of an oil, the easier it is to refine, making it more attractive. Brent is considered ideal for diesel.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI): WTI continues to be the main benchmark for oil consumed in the United States. It is also marginally "sweeter" than Brent. WTI has a sulphur content of 0.34% and is considered ideal for gasoline. Moreover, WTI is the fundamental commodity of the New York Mercantile Exchange's (NYMEX) oil futures contract.
Dubai Crude: Dubai Crude is categorised as a medium sour crude by the crude oil industry. Dubai oil is used as a benchmark as it is immediately available. Dubai oil typically acts as the benchmark for pricing oil exports to Asia.
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